Venous stasis ulcers are commonly caused by venous hypertension or chronic venous insufficiency. As a result, blood does not flow normally from your lower legs to your heart. This causes pressure to build up in your veins. The added pressure may cause ulceration on your skin. These typically appear on the inside of your legs, just above the ankle.

It is unclear how this condition causes ulcers. However, many doctors believe it also causes a decrease in blood flow to your legs' capillaries. This causes an accumulation of white blood cells. The accumulation of white blood cells reduces the amount of oxygen available to your tissues. The lack of oxygen causes tissue damage and the formation of an ulcer.

Another theory is that venous hypertension causes cells from other parts of the body to leak into the skin, influencing cellular growth. This process obstructs the repair of damaged tissue.

Who is at risk for ankle ulcers?

If you have or had previous leg swelling, a history of blood clots, varicose veins, or a history of inflammatory diseases. In that case, you may be at a higher risk of developing venous stasis ulcers.

If you have a family history of ulcers, you may develop them as well. Because it interferes with the flow of oxygen through your bloodstream, smoking may also increase your risk of developing ankle ulcers.

What are the symptoms of ankle ulcers?

Venous stasis ulcers are not always painful but may sting or itch. They are usually red with yellowish skin. A leaking ulcer may be yellow or green in color. The area around the ulcer may be swollen and discolored, and your skin may feel warm or hot to the touch. Your legs may ache, and your skin may feel tight and shiny depending on how swollen your ankle is.

How are ankle ulcers diagnosed?

Your doctor will begin by inquiring about your medical history and current symptoms. Keep a record of all your symptoms because they will assist your doctor in making an accurate diagnosis. If you've had the ulcer for a long time, your doctor may want to take a tissue sample to rule out cancer. MRIs, CT scans, and radiography can also be used to determine the depth of your ulcer and whether it has affected bone. Your doctor will also look for signs of infection in your ulcer.

What are the treatments for ankle ulcers?

The primary goal of venous stasis ulcer treatment is wound healing, infection treatment, and ankle pain relief.

Compression therapy

The most common treatment for venous stasis ankle ulcers is compression therapy. It reduces swelling and speeds up the healing process. Compression also helps to prevent recurrent ulcers.

Compression stockings, wraps, or even an elastic bandage wrapped around your leg up to the knee can be beneficial. You and your doctor can decide which compression method is best for you and your type of ulcer.

Medications

If compression treatment is ineffective, your doctor may prescribe medications such as pentoxifylline and aspirin. If you have significant swelling, you may need to take diuretics for a short period of time. It is critical that you take all prescribed medications exactly as directed.

Wound care

Antimicrobial, collagen, composite, and skin substitute dressings are just a few of the options for treating an ulcer. Your doctor can explain the benefits of each type and recommend which is best for you. They may even refer you to a clinic that specializes in wound care. To promote healing, keep the ulcer area clean and change the dressing on the ulcer as directed.

Always stay hydrated, eat a healthy diet, and get enough rest and exercise. Good overall health will hasten your recovery.

How can I prevent ankle ulcers?

Elevating your legs above your heart for at least 30 minutes several times per day can help prevent the development of venous stasis ulcers. Prolonged standing or sitting should be avoided. This alleviates the pressure and swelling that can lead to venous stasis ulcers. It will also help to improve blood circulation.

If possible, try to elevate your legs in bed at night. Also, try to limit your salt intake and monitor your blood pressure on a regular basis for any changes.

Losing weight can relieve some of the pressure on your legs. Consult your doctor to determine whether weight loss is appropriate for you.