The human body is an intricate network of interconnected systems, making it challenging to pinpoint the exact source of discomfort when abdominal pain strikes. Abdominal pain can stem from various conditions affecting both men and women. In many cases, identifying the underlying cause requires a thorough examination by a gastroenterology doctor, gynecologist, and specialists in other fields. Read on to explore seven common reasons for abdominal pain that should not be overlooked.

1. Urinary tract infection (UTI)

Urinary tract infections are typically caused by bacteria from the anal area that infiltrate the urethra, leading to inflammation. Women are more susceptible to UTIs due to the shorter proximity of the urethra to the anus. However, men can also experience UTIs.

During the initial stages of a UTI, bacteria affect the urethra and the bladder. If left untreated, the infection can progress to the ureters and kidneys. Symptoms of UTI often include abdominal pain, a frequent urge to urinate, cloudy urine, and a burning sensation during urination. Prompt medical attention is crucial to address UTIs before they become more complex.

2. Ovarian cysts

Ovarian cysts are common and, while not always painful, can pose potential risks. Some women experience recurring cysts throughout their menstrual cycle, while others may develop larger, more problematic cysts. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, pain during sexual intercourse, nausea, and vomiting.

Although most ovarian cysts do not require treatment, monitoring is essential. A cyst may rupture, leading to internal bleeding, or even cause ovarian torsion, a painful condition where the ovary twists on itself. Both situations are critical and require immediate medical attention.

3. Appendicitis

Appendicitis occurs when the appendix becomes inflamed, swollen, and filled with pus, posing a significant threat. This condition is characterized by severe abdominal pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal swelling. Additional symptoms may include constipation or diarrhea.

If you experience any of these symptoms, seek immediate medical attention. An inflamed appendix must be removed promptly to prevent it from bursting, which can lead to peritonitis—a severe and potentially life-threatening inflammation of the abdominal cavity lining.

4. Endometriosis

Endometriosis affects numerous women worldwide and often progresses without noticeable symptoms in the early stages. This condition occurs when endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, affecting other organs. Advanced endometriosis can lead to severe abdominal pain during intercourse, intense menstrual cramps, heavy menstrual bleeding, and, in some cases, infertility.

During menstruation, endometrial tissue within the uterus is naturally expelled. However, tissue located outside the uterus has no way out, leading to pain and discomfort. Although there is no cure for endometriosis, various treatment options can manage its symptoms effectively.

5. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Irritable bowel syndrome is characterized by multiple symptoms affecting the intestines. While these symptoms vary in severity and duration, they generally persist for several months. IBS can significantly impact your well-being, even though symptoms may not occur daily.

Common IBS symptoms include constipation or diarrhea, abdominal cramping, bloating, and abdominal pain. While there is no cure for IBS, treatment options such as medication, dietary changes, and home remedies can help alleviate symptoms and enhance your comfort.

6. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Pelvic inflammatory disease often results from untreated infections, commonly stemming from sexually transmitted infections (STIs) but also sometimes occurring due to naturally occurring infections like bacterial vaginosis. Women with PID experience severe abdominal pain, abnormal vaginal discharge, painful intercourse, and potential fertility issues.

Given that the infections causing PID can be STIs, it is crucial for all partners to receive treatment. PID is typically treated with antibiotics, but in advanced cases, medication may not resolve adhesions contributing to infertility.

7. Hernia

A hernia arises when an organ squeezes through surrounding muscle tissue, creating a noticeable bulge. In many cases, hernias remain asymptomatic. However, some individuals with a hernia may experience abdominal pain and discomfort.

Hernias come in different forms and may present various symptoms. If you observe a bulge on your body, it is advisable to consult a medical professional for an evaluation. If you're in New York and experiencing hernia discomfort, don't hesitate. Schedule an appointment at New York Gastroenterology today to discuss treatment options, including hernia surgery.